Orcale Tutorial Content
Getting Started - البدء مع إدارة قواعد البيانات
Oracle Architectural Components - مكونات قاعدة البيانات أوركل
Installing Oracle Database - تثبيت الأوركل
Creating and Configuring Database - إنشاء قاعدة البيانات
Controlling The Database -التحكم في قاعدة البيانات
Administrating Users - إدارة المستخدمين
Database Security & Monitoring - تأمين ومراقبة قاعدة البيانات
Oracle Net Services & Database Link & Metrlized Viewِ
Undo Management & Flashback Technology
Managing Shared Servers
Using Globalization Support
Logical Backup & Recovery
Physical Backup & Recovery
Recovery Manager (RMAN)
Managing Resources
Automating Tasks with the Scheduler
Dealing with Locking
Diagnostic Sources
Dealing With Database Corruption
Managing & Monitoring Memory
Performance Tunning
Physical Backup & Recovery
Cold Backup
ﺍﻵﻥ ﺴﺄﻗﻭﻡ ﺒﺸﺭﺡ ﺍﻟﺸﻜل 4-14 ﻭﺍﻟﺫﻱ ﻴﻭﻀﺢ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺦ ﺍﻹﺤﺘﻴﺎﻁﻰ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺭﺩ (Cold Backup & Recover) ﻭﻜﺫﻟﻙ ﺍﻻﺴﺘﺭﺠﺎﻉ:
1- Shutdown: ﻜﻤﺎ ﺫﻜﺭﻨﺎ ﺴﺎﺒﻘﺎﹰ ﺃﻥ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺦ ﺍﻹﺤﺘﻴﺎﻁﻰ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺭﺩ (Backup Cold) ﺘﺘﻡ ﺒﻌﺩ ﺇﻏﻼﻕ ﻗﺎﻋﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ.
2- Destination: ﻭﻫﻭ ﺍﻻﺘﺠﺎﻩ ﺍﻟﺫﻱ ﺴﻭﻑ ﻴﺘﻡ ﻭﻀﻊ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺦ ﺍﻹﺤﺘﻴﺎﻁﻰ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻭﻫﻭ ﺍﺤﺩ ﺜﻼﺙ ﺨﻴﺎﺭﺍﺕ (Desk ,Tape,NFS) .
3- Operation System Level: ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺦ ﺍﻹﺤﺘﻴﺎﻁﻰ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺭﺩ ﺘﺘﻡ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﺴﺘﻭﻯ ﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﺘﺸﻐﻴل أو ASM ، ﻓﺒﻌﺩ ﺇﻏﻼﻕ ﻗﺎﻋﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ ﻴﺘﻡ ﻋﻤل ﻨﺴﺦ ﻟﻤﻠﻔﺎﺕ ﻗﺎﻋﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ
ﻋﻥ ﻁﺭﻴﻕ ﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﺘﺸﻐﻴل او ASM .
4- Backup: ﻭﺍﻗﺼﺩ ﺒﻪ ﻫﻨﺎ ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻔﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﻴﺘﻡ ﻋﻤل ﻨﺴﺦ ﺍﺤﺘﻴﺎﻁﻲ ﻟﻬﺎ (Datafiles & Redolog & Controlfiles)، ﻫﻨﺎﻙ ﻤﻠﻔﺎﺕ ﺃﺨﺭﻯ ﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﻋﻤل ﻨﺴﺦ ﺍﺤﺘﻴﺎﻁﻲ ﻟﻬﺎ ﻤﺜل
(Parameter File & Archivelog File) .
5- No Archivelog Mode: ﺫﻜﺭﻨﺎ ﺃﻥ ﻗﺎﻋﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ ﺘﻌﻤل ﻓﻲ ﺍﻷﺼل ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻨﻤﻁ No Archive Mode ﻭﻫﻭ ﻨﻤﻁ ﻻ ﻴﺴﻤﺢ ﺒﻌﻤل ﺃﺭﺸﻴﻑ ﻟﻤﻠﻔﺎﺕ ﺍلRedo Log Files ،
ﻭﻨﺴﺘﻁﻴﻊ ﻋﻤل Cold Backup ﻟﻘﺎﻋﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻜﺎﻨﺕ ﺘﻌﻤل ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﻨﻤﻁ.
6- Archivelog Mode: ﻓﻌﻨﺩ ﺘﻬﻴﺌﺔ ﻗﺎﻋﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﻨﻤﻁ ﻓﺄﻨﻨﺎ ﻨﻀﻤﻥ ﻋﻤل ﺃﺭﺸﻴﻑ ﻟﻤﻠﻔﺎﺕ ﺍلRedo Log File ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﻨﺤﺘﺎﺠﻬﺎ ﺃﺜﻨﺎﺀ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻻﺴﺘﺭﺠﺎﻉ (Recovery) .
7- Simple restoring: ﻫﻨﺎ ﻻﺒﺩ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻹﺸﺎﺭﺓ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﻔﺭﻕ ﺒﻴﻥ (Restore & Recovery)
Restore: ﻴﻌﻨﻰ ﻋﻤل ﻨﺴﺦ ﻟﻠﻤﻠﻔﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﻓﻘﺩﻨﺎﻫﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻗﺎﻋﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺦ
ﺍﻻﺤﺘﻴﺎﻁﻲ ﻭﺇﺭﺠﺎﻋﻬﺎ ﺇﻟﻰ ﻤﻜﺎﻨﻬﺎ ﺍﻷﺼﻠﻲ. ﻟﺫﺍ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻜﺎﻨﺕ ﻗﺎﻋﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ ﺘﻌﻤل ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻨﻤﻁ Noarchive Log ﻓﺈﻨﻨﺎ ﻻ ﻨﺴﺘﻁﻴﻊ ﺴﻭﺍ ﺃﻥ ﻨﻘﻭﻡ ﺒﻌﻤل Restore ﻓﻲ ﺤﺎﻟﺔ
ﺤﺩﻭﺙ ﻓﺸل ﻓﻲ ﻗﺎﻋﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ.
Recovery: ﻭﻫﻰ ﺘﻌﻨﻰ ﻋﻤل ﺘﻁﺒﻴﻕ ﻟﻠﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﻨﺤﺘﺎﺠﻬﺎ ﻤﻥ ﻤﻠﻔﺎﺕ ﺍﻷﺭﺸﻴﻑ Archivelog Files ﻭﻤﻠﻔﺎﺕ ﺍلRedolog Files ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﻟﻡ ﺘﺘﻡ ﺃﺭﺸﻔﺘﻬﺎ، ﻭﺘﺘﻡ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ
ﺍلRecovery ﺒﻌﺩ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺍل.Restore ﻟﺫﻟﻙ ﻻ ﻨﺴﺘﻁﻴﻊ ﻋﻤل Recovery ﺇﺫﺍ ﻜﺎﻨﺕ ﻗﺎﻋﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ ﺘﻌﻤل ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻨﻤﻁ Noarchive Log ﻭﺫﻟﻙ ﻷﻨﻨﺎ ﻨﺤﺘﺎﺝ ﻟﻤﻠﻔﺎﺕ ﺍﻷﺭﺸﻴﻑ
ﻓﻲ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺍلRecovery .
8- Restoring+Recovering: ﻭﺫﻟﻙ ﻷﻥ ﻗﺎﻋﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ ﺘﻌﻤل ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻨﻤﻁ Archivelog ﻜﻤﺎ ﺫﻜﺭﻨﺎ ﺫﻟﻙ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻔﻘﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺒﻘﺔ.
9- Complete Recovery: ﻭﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻻﺴﺘﺭﺠﺎﻉ Recovery ﺘﻨﻘﺴﻡ ﺇﻟﻰ ﻗﺴﻤﻴﻥ (Complete Recovery & Incomplete Recovery) ﻭﻨﻌﻨﻰ ﺒﺎلRecovery Complete
ﺃﻨﻪ ﻨﺴﺘﻁﻴﻊ ﻋﻤل ﺍﺴﺘﺭﺠﺎﻉ (Recovery) ﻟﻘﺎﻋﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ ﺩﻭﻥ ﺃﻥ ﻨﻔﻘﺩ ﺃﻱ ﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ، ﺃﻭ ﺒﻤﻌﻨﻰ ﺁﺨﺭ ﺃﻨﻨﺎ ﻨﺴﺘﻁﻴﻊ ﺇﺭﺠﺎﻉ ﻗﺎﻋﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ ﻟﻠﺤﺎل ﺍﻟﺫﻱ ﻜﺎﻨﺕ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻗﺒل ﺤﺩﻭﺙ ﺍﻟﻔﺸل.
10- Possible If: ﺃﻱ ﺃﻨﻨﺎ ﻨﺴﺘﻁﻴﻊ ﻋﻤل Complete Recovery ﺇﺫﺍ ﻟﻡ ﻨﻔﻘﺩ ﺍلControl File ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻟﻲ ﻭﺍلRedo Log File ﺍﻟﺫﻱ ﻟﻡ ﺘﺘﻡ ﺃﺭﺸﻔﺘﻪ ﻭﺍلArchive Log Files ﺍﻟﺫﻱ
ﻨﺤﺘﺎﺠﻪ ﻓﻲ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺍلRecovery.
11- Type: ﺃﻱ ﺃﻨﻨﺎ ﻨﺴﺘﻁﻴﻊ ﺇﻨﺠﺎﺯ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺍلComplete Recovery ﺃﺤﻴﺎﻨﺎ ﺩﻭﻥ ﺃﻥ ﻨﺤﺘﺎﺝ ﻹﻏﻼﻕ ﻗﺎﻋﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ ﻭﺫﻟﻙ ﻓﻲ ﺤﺎﻟﺔ ﻓﻘﺩﺍﻥ Non-System Data File ﻤﺜلاً
ﻭﺃﺤﻴﺎﻨﹰﺎ ﻨﺤﺘﺎﺝ ﻹﻨﺠﺎﺯ ﺍﻻﺴﺘﺭﺠﺎﻉ ﺒﻌﺩ ﺇﻏﻼﻕ ﻗﺎﻋﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ ﻓﻲ ﺤﺎﻟﺔ ﻓﻘﺩﺍﻥ System datafile ، ﺃﻱ ﻫﻨﺎﻙ ﻨﻭﻋﺎﻥ ﻹﻨﺠﺎﺯ ﺍلComplete Recovery ﻭﻫﻤﺎ (Online & Offline).
12- Incomplete Recovery: ﺃﻱ ﺃﻨﻨﺎ ﺴﻨﻔﻘﺩ ﺠﺯﺀ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ ﺃﺜﻨﺎﺀ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻻﺴﺘﺭﺠﺎﻉ ﻭﺫﻟﻙ
ﻷﻨﻨﺎ ﻗﺩ ﻨﻜﻭﻥ ﻓﻘﺩﻨﺎ ﺍلRedo Log File ﺍﻟﺫﻱ ﻟﻡ ﻴﺘﻡ ﺃﺭﺸﻔﺘﻪ ﺃﻭ ﻤﻠﻔﺎﺕ ﺍلArchivelog Files ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﻨﺤﺘﺎﺠﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺍلRecovery.
ﻭﻫﻨﺎﻙ ﺜﻼﺜﺔ ﺨﻴﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﻨﻭﻉ ﻤﻥ ﺍلRecovery
(Until SCN & Until Cancel & Until Time).
13- Offline: ﻭﺫﻟﻙ ﻷﻨﻨﺎ ﻓﻘﺩ ﻨﻜﻭﻥ ﻓﻘﺩﻨﺎ ﺍلControl File ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻟﻲ ﺃﻭ ﺍلRedo Log File ﺍﻟﺫﻱ ﻟﻡ ﻴﺘﻡ ﺃﺭﺸﻔﺘﻪ ﺃﻭ ﻤﻠﻔﺎﺕ ﺍلArchivelog File ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﻨﺤﺘﺎﺠﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺍلRecovery.
ﻤﻼﺤﻅﺔ: ﻓﻲ ﺤﺎﻟﺔ ﺍلIncomplete Recovery ﻴﺠﺏ ﻓﺘﺢ ﻗﺎﻋﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ ﺒﻌﺩ ﺍﻻﺴﺘﺭﺠﺎﻉ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻭﻀﻊ Resetlogs.
Whenever we open database with ‘Resetlogs’ option the log sequence number set to (zero zero one) 001.
ﻟﺫﻟﻙ ﺃﻱ Backup ﺘﻡ ﻭﻀﻌﻪ ﻗﺒل ﻓﺘﺢ ﻗﺎﻋﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻭﻀﻊ Resetlogs ﻟﻡ ﻴﻌﺩ ﺼﺎﻟﺤﺎﹰ ﺍﻵﻥ ﻟﻌﻤل ﺍلRecovery ﻭﺫﻟﻙ ﻻﻥ Log Sequence Number ﺘﻐﻴﺭ ﺍﻵﻥ ﺇﻟﻰ (001).
ﻟﺫﺍ ﻴﻨﺼﺢ ﺒﻭﻀﻊ Backup ﺠﺩﻴﺩ ﺒﻌﺩ ﻓﺘﺢ ﻗﺎﻋﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻭﻀﻊ Resetlogs.
ﻭﺍﻟﻴﻙ ﺨﻁﻭﺍﺕ ﻋﻤل ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺦ ﺍﻻﺤﺘﻴﺎﻁﻲ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺭﺩ (Cold Backup) :-
1- ﺇﻏﻼﻕ ﻗﺎﻋﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ.
SHUT IMMEDIATE; |
2- ﻋﻤل ﻨﺴﺦ ﻋﻥ ﻁﺭﻴﻕ ﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﺘﺸﻐﻴل او عن طريق الASM إذا كان يتم تخزين قاعدة البيانات في الASM ﻟﻤﻠﻔﺎﺕ ﺍلDatafiles ﻭﺍلRedolog Files ﻭﺍلControl Files.
C:\copy D:\oradata\orcl\* D:\Backup\ |
or
cp /u01/oradata/orcl/* /Backup/ |
ﻫﻜﺫﺍ ﻭﺒﻜل ﺒﺴﺎﻁﺔ ﻗﻤﻨﺎ ﺒﻌﻤل ﻨﺴﺦ ﺍﺤﺘﻴﺎﻁﻲ Cold Backup ﻟﻘﺎﻋﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ ORCL، ﻜﻤﺎ ﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﺘﻀﻤﻴﻥ ﻤﻠﻔﺎﺕ ﺍلParameter File ﻭﺍﻷﺭﺸﻴﻑ ﻓﻲ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺦ ﺍﻹﺤﺘﻴﺎﻁﻰ.
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