Orcale Tutorial Content


Getting Started - البدء مع إدارة قواعد البيانات
  • أنواع مستخدمي قواعد البيانات:
  • مهام مسؤول قاعدة البيانات:
  • SQL Statements:
  • Identifying Your Oracle Database Software Release - تحديد إصدار اوركل
  • About Database Administrator Security and Privileges- أمان وامتيازات مسؤول قاعدة البيانات
  • Database Administrator Authentication - مصادقة مسؤول قاعدة البيانات
  • Creating and Maintaining a Database Password File - إنشاء ملف كلمة المرور
    • Oracle Architectural Components - مكونات قاعدة البيانات أوركل
  • ﻤﻜﻭﻨﺎﺕ ﻗﺎﻋﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ
  • Oracle Instance
  • Oracle Database
    • Installing Oracle Database - تثبيت الأوركل
  • Installing oracle database 10g in windows
    • Creating and Configuring Database - إنشاء قاعدة البيانات
  • ﺍﻟﺘﺨﻁﻴﻁ ﻟﻘﺎﻋﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ
  • ﺇﻨﺸﺎﺀ ﻗﺎﻋﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ ﺒﺎﻟﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﻴﺩﻭﻴﺔ علي Windows:
  • ﺇﻨﺸﺎﺀ ﻗﺎﻋﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ ﻋﻥ ﻁﺭﻴﻕ ﺍل(DBCA)
  • About Creating an Oracle Database
  • About Selecting a Character Set
  • Prerequisites for Database Creation
  • Creating a Database with the CREATE DATABASE Statement
  • Specifying CREATE DATABASE Statement Clauses
  • Specifying Initialization Parameters
    • Controlling The Database -التحكم في قاعدة البيانات
  • التحكم في قاعدة البيانات - Controlling The Database
  • ﺘﺸﻐﻴل ﻗﺎﻋﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ
  • ﺇﻏﻼﻕ ﻗﺎﻋﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ
  • Opening a Database in Read-Only Mode
  • Opening a Database in Restricted Mode
    • Managing Tablespaces and Data files
  • ﻤﻔﺎﻫﻴﻡ ﻋﺎﻤﺔ ﻋﻥ ﺍل: Tablespaces
  • عملي
    • Control File & Redo Log Files
  • Control File
  • ﺘﻐﻴﻴﺭ ﺍﺴﻡ ﻗﺎﻋﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ
  • Redo Log Files
    • Administrating Users - إدارة المستخدمين
  • ﺇﻨﺸﺎﺀ ﻭﺇﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺩﻤﻴﻥ
  • Quota
  • ﻭﺴﻴﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻘﻴﻕ
  • ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺤﻴﺎﺕ - Privileges
  • ROLES
  • PROFILES
    • Database Security & Monitoring - تأمين ومراقبة قاعدة البيانات
  • Database Security
  • ﻤﺭﺍﻗﺒﺔ ﻗﺎﻋﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ - AUDITING
    • Oracle Net Services & Database Link & Metrlized Viewِ
  • Oracle Net Services
  • ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻜﻡ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻭﺼﻭل ﻟﻘﺎﻋﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ
  • External Procedures
  • Clients Side
  • Database Link
  • Materialized Views
    • Undo Management & Flashback Technology
  • UNDO MANAGEMENT
  • Flashback Query
  • Flashback Table
  • Flashback Versions Query
  • Flashback Transaction
  • Flashback Drop
  • Flashback Database
    • Managing Shared Servers
  • Why Shared Server
  • Dedicated Server
  • Shared Server Architecture
  • ﻤﺘﻰ ﻨﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ ﺍل Shared Server ؟
    • Using Globalization Support
  • Globalization
  • ﺍﺨﺘﻴﺎﺭ وتغيير ﺍل Character Set
  • ﻤﺴﺘﻭﻴﺎﺕ ﺍل Globalization
  • ﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﺍل Zones Time
    • Logical Backup & Recovery
  • Use Export Utilities to Export Data
  • TABLES EXPORT Using Export Utilities
  • SCHEMAS EXPORT Using Export Utilities
  • TABLESPACE EXPORT Using Export Utilities
  • DATABASE EXPORT Using Export Utilities
  • Use Import Utilities to Import Data
  • TABLES IMPORT Using Import Utilities
  • SCHEMAS IMPORT Using Import Utilities
  • DATABASE IMPORT Using Import Utilities
  • DATA PUMP
  • TABLES EXPORT Using Data Pump
  • SCHEMAS EXPORT Using Data Pump
  • DATABASE EXPORT Using Data Pump
  • TABLES IMPORT Using Data Pump
  • SCHEMAS IMPORT Using Data Pump
  • DATABASE IMPORT Using Data Pump
  • SQL*Loader
    • Physical Backup & Recovery
  • Physical Backup
  • ﻜﻴﻑ ﻨﻬﻴﺊ ﻗﺎﻋﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ ﻟﺘﻌﻤل ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻨﻤﻁ ARCHIVELOG؟
  • Cold Backup
  • Full Database Recovery
  • Loss of a Non-SYSTEM Data File
  • Loss of a SYSTEM Data File
  • Loss of an Un-archived Online Log Files
  • Loss of Control Files
  • Loss Unbackup Datafile
  • Damage Tempfile
  • Damage Temporary Tablespace
  • Damage Online Logfile Member
  • Point in Time Recovery
  • Backup and Recovery Options
  • Hot Backup
    • Recovery Manager (RMAN)
  • مقدمة
  • مكونات ال Recovery Manager (RMAN)
  • ﺃﻨﻭﺍﻉ ﺍﻻﺘﺼﺎل ﺒﺎل RMAN
  • ﺨﻴﺎﺭﺍﺕ وأنماط ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺦ ﺍﻹﺤﺘﻴﺎﻁﻰ
  • RMAN Configuration Setting
  • Recovery Catalog
  • RMAN Backups
  • Data Files Backup
  • Tablespaces Backup
  • Archived Redo Log Files Backup
  • Control File Backup
  • Database Backup
  • Incremental Backups
  • RMAN Commands
  • Complete Recovery
  • Incomplete Recovery
  • Restore ControlFile and spfile
    • Managing Resources
  • Consumer Groups
  • Resource Manager Plans
  • Resource Manager Configuration
  • Create Consumer Group
  • Update Consumer Group
  • Delete Consumer Group
  • Privileges & Resource Manager
  • Join To Consumer Group
  • Move Active User To Other Consumer Group
  • Create Resource Manager Plans & Directive
  • Update Resource Manager Plans
  • Update Resource Manager Plan Directives
  • Delete Resource Manager Plan Directives
  • Delete Resource Manager Plans
  • Create Simple Plan
  • Consumer Group Mapping
    • Automating Tasks with the Scheduler
  • The Scheduler Architecture
  • Jobs
  • Programs
  • Schedules
  • Using Programs and Schedules
  • Job Classes
  • Windows
  • (Privileges) ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺤﻴﺎﺕ
  • Job Logs
    • Dealing with Locking
  • Shared & Exclusive Locks
  • Manual Lock Table
  • The Enqueue Mechanism
  • Lock Contention
  • Deadlocks
    • Diagnostic Sources
  • Alert Log
  • Background Trace Files
  • Server-Generated Alerts
  • Editing Thresholds
  • User Trace Files
  • Instance-Level SQL Tracing
  • Session-Level SQL Tracing
    • Dealing With Database Corruption
  • Block Corruption
  • ﺍﻜﺘﺸﺎﻑ ﺍﻟﻜﺘل ﺍﻟﻔﺎﺴﺩﺓ (Detecting Block Corruptions)
  • The DBVERIFY Utility
  • The ANALYZE Command
  • DBMS_REPAIR Backage
  • ﺍﺴﺘﺭﺠﺎﻉ ﺍﻟﻜﺘل ﺍﻟﻔﺎﺴﺩﺓ ﺒﻭﺍﺴﻁﺔ ﺍل:RMAN
    • Managing & Monitoring Memory
  • The System Global Area
  • The Shared Pool
  • The Database Buffer Cache
  • The Default, Keep, and Recycle Pools
  • The Nonstandard Block Size Pools
  • Sizing the Database Buffer Cache
  • The Log Buffer
  • The Large Pool
  • The Java Buffer
  • The Steams Buffer
  • Automatic Shared Memory Management
  • Enable Automatic Shared Memory Management
  • The Program Global Area (PGA)
    • Performance Tunning
  • Invalid Objects
  • Unusable Indexes
  • Rebuild Invalid Inexes
  • Optimizer Statistics
  • Gathering Statistics
  • The Automatic Workload Repository (AWR)
  • The Automatic Database Diagnostic Monitor (ADDM)
  • The SQL Tuning Advisor
  • The SQL Access Advisor
  • The Mean Time to Recover Advisor
  • The Segment Advisor
  • The Undo Advisor

    • Dealing with Locking

    Lock Contention

    ﺇﺫﺍ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﻜﺘﺎﺒﺔ ﺃﻜﺜﺭ ﻤﻥ ﻤﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ ﻓﻲ ﺤﻘل ﻤﻌﻴﻥ ﻓﻲ ﻨﻔﺱ ﺍﻟﻭﻗﺕ ﻻ ﺘﺴﻤﺢ ﺒﻬﺎ ﻗﺎﻋﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ ﻭﺫﻟﻙ  ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼل ﺘﻁﺒﻴﻕ ﺴﻴﺎﺴﺔ ﺍلLock،

    ﻟﻜﻥ ﺒﻌﺽ ﺍﻟﻤﺒﺭﻤﺠﻴﻥ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺼﻤﻤﻴﻥ ﻴﺘﺴﺒﺒﻭﻥ ﻓﻲ ﺯﻴﺎﺩﺓ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺕ ﺍلLock ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼل ﺒﻌﺽ ﺍﻟﺘﻁﺒﻴﻘﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺨﺎﻁﺌﺔ ﺍﻷﻤﺭ ﺍﻟﺫﻱ ﻴﻨﻌﻜﺱ ﺴﻠﺒﺎﹰ ﻋﻠﻲ

    ﺃﺩﺍﺓ ﻗﺎﻋﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ، ﻤﻤﺎ ﻴﺘﻁﻠﺏ ﺫﻟﻙ ﺇﻋﺎﺩﺓ ﻫﻨﺩﺴﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺎﺕ ﻟﺘﻌﻤل ﺒﻜﻔﺎﺀﺓ ﻋﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﻭﻟﻜﻥ ﺫﻟﻙ ﺒﺎﻟﻁﺒﻊ ﻻ ﻴﻠﻐﻲ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺍلLock ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﻫﻲ ﺠﺯﺀ

    ﻤﻥ ﺴﻴﺎﺴﺔ ﻗﺎﻋﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ، ﻭﻟﻜﻥ ﻴﻘﻠل ﻤﻥ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺍلLock ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﻫﻲ ﻨﺘﻴﺠﺔ ﺨﻁﺄ ﻓﻲ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻁﻭﻴﺭ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻡ، ﻭﻤﻥ ﺘﻠﻙ ﺍﻟﻤﺸﺎﻜل:

    1- ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺘﺄﺨﺫ ﻭﻗﺕ ﻁﻭﻴل ﺒﺎﻟﻁﺒﻊ ﺘﺘﺴﺒﺏ ﺨﻠﻕ ﻤﺸﺎﻜل ﺍلLock، ﺒﺤﻴﺙ ﻴﻘﻭﻡ ﺒﻌﺽ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺩﻤﻴﻥ ﺒﺈﺠﺭﺍﺀ ﻋﺩﺩ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺎﺕ ﺜﻡ ﻴﺫﻫﺏ

    ﻟﻴﺼﻠﻲ ﺃﻭ ﻟﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﺒﻌﺽ ﺍﻟﻤﻬﺎﻡ ﺩﻭﻥ ﺘﺜﺒﻴﺕ ﺘﻠﻙ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺎﺕ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﺘﺭﺍﺠﻊ ﻋﻨﻬﺎ ﻻﺸﻙ ﺃﻥ ﺫﻟﻙ ﻴﺴﺒﺏ ﺍﻟﻌﺩﻴﺩ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﺸﺎﻜل ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﻴﺠﺏ ﺘﺠﻨﺒﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺘﺼﻤﻴﻡ

    ﺍﻟﺒﺭﺍﻤﺞ، ﻓﻤﺜل ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻷﺨﻁﺎﺀ ﻓﻲ ﻜﺘﺎﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﺭﺍﻤﺞ ﻴﺴﺒﺏ ﺍﻟﻌﺩﻴﺩ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﺸﺎﻜل ﻟﻤﺩﻴﺭ ﻗﺎﻋﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ.

    2- ﺇﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﻤﺴﺘﻭﻱ ﺍﻷﻗﻔﺎل ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟﻲ Levels) Locking (High، ﻓﺒﻌﺽ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺎﺕ ﺘﺤﺘﺎﺝ ﻤﺜﻼﹰ ﻟﻌﻤل Lock ﻟﺤﻘل ﻤﻌﻴﻥ ﻓﻴﺘﻡ ﻋﻤل Lock ﻟﺠﻤﻴﻊ ﺍﻟﺠﺩﻭل ﺍﻷﻤﺭ

    ﺍﻟﺫﻱ ﻴﻤﻨﻊ ﺒﻌﺽ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻷﺨﺭﻱ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﻜﺄﻥ ﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫﻫﺎ ﺃﺜﻨﺎﺀ ﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﻗﺎﻤﺕ ﺒﻘﻔل ﺠﻤﻴﻊ ﺍﻟﺠﺩﻭل.

    3- ﻜﺘﺎﺒﺔ ﺒﻌﺽ ﺍﻟﺒﺭﺍﻤﺞ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺘﻘﻭﻡ ﺒﻌﻤل ﻤﻬﺎﻡ ﻤﻌﻴﻨﺔ ﺒﺼﻭﺭﺓ ﺴﻴﺌﺔ، ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻷﻤﺭ ﻴﺅﺜﺭ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺍﻷﺩﺍﺀ ﺒﺼﻭﺭﺓ ﻭﺍﻀﺤﺔ.

    ﻟﻜﻥ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻗﺎﻤﺕ Session ﺒﻌﻤل Lock ﻟﺤﻘل ﺃﻭ ﺠﺩﻭل ﻤﻌﻴﻥ ﺜﻡ ﻗﺎﻤﺕ Session ﺃﺨﺭﻱ ﺒﻁﻠﺏ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺒﺔ ﻋﻠﻲ ﻨﻔﺱ ﺍﻟﺤﻘل ﻻ ﺸﻙ ﺃﻥ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍلSession ﺴﺘﻅل ﻤﻌﻠﻘﺔ

    ﻭﺭﺒﻤﺎ ﻴﻁﻭل ﺍﻷﻤﺭ ﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻟﺘﺨﻁﻴﻁ ﺴﺊ ، ﻋﻤﻭﻤﹰﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻻﺕ ﺍﻟﻁﺎﺭﺌﺔ ﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﻟﻤﺩﻴﺭ ﻗﺎﻋﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ ﺒﺎﻟﺘﺩﺨل ﻟﻌﻼﺝ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻷﻤﺭ ﻋﻥ ﻁﺭﻴﻕ ﺇﻨﻬﺎﺀ ﺘﻠﻙ ﺍلSession.

    ﻓﻠﺤﻅﺔ ﺇﻨﻬﺎﺀ ﺘﻠﻙ ﺍلSession ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺘﺤﺠﺯ ﺍﻟﺠﺩﻭل ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﺤﻘل ﻭﺘﺴﺒﺒﺕ ﻓﻲ ﺘﻠﻙ ﺍﻟﻤﺸﺎﻜل ﻴﺘﻡ ﺇﻁﻼﻕ ﺍلLock ﻭﺘﺤل ﺍﻟﻤﺸﻜﻠﺔ.

    ﻭﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﻟﻤﺩﻴﺭ ﻗﺎﻋﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ ﺤل ﺘﻠﻙ ﺍﻟﻜﺸﻜﻠﺔ ﻋﻥ ﻁﺭﻴﻕ ﺍﻷﻤﺭ ALTER SYSTEM KILL SESSION ﺒﺤﺙ ﺘﺤﺘﺎﺝ ﻟﺘﺤﺩﻴﺩ (SERIAL# & SID) ﺒﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻟلSession

    ﻭﻴﺘﻡ ﺫﻟﻙ ﻋﻥ ﻁﺭﻴﻕ ﺇﺴﺘﻌﻼﻡ V$SESSION.

     

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