Orcale Tutorial Content
Getting Started - البدء مع إدارة قواعد البيانات
Oracle Architectural Components - مكونات قاعدة البيانات أوركل
Installing Oracle Database - تثبيت الأوركل
Creating and Configuring Database - إنشاء قاعدة البيانات
Controlling The Database -التحكم في قاعدة البيانات
Administrating Users - إدارة المستخدمين
Database Security & Monitoring - تأمين ومراقبة قاعدة البيانات
Oracle Net Services & Database Link & Metrlized Viewِ
Undo Management & Flashback Technology
Managing Shared Servers
Using Globalization Support
Logical Backup & Recovery
Physical Backup & Recovery
Recovery Manager (RMAN)
Managing Resources
Automating Tasks with the Scheduler
Dealing with Locking
Diagnostic Sources
Dealing With Database Corruption
Managing & Monitoring Memory
Performance Tunning
Recovery Manager (RMAN)
Recovery Catalog
ﻗﺒل ﺍﻟﺤﺩﻴﺙ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺦ ﺍﻻﺤﺘﻴﺎﻁﻲ ﻭﺍﻻﺴﺘﺭﺠﺎﻉ (Backup & Recovery) ﺒﻭﺍﺴﻁﺔ ﺍلRMAN ﻻﺒﺩ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﺤﺩﻴﺙ ﻋﻥ ﺍلRecovery Catalog ﻭﺫﻟﻙ ﻷﻨﻪ ﻴﻔﻀل ﻟﻤﺩﻴﺭ ﻗﺎﻋﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ
ﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﺍلRecovery Catalog ﻋﻨﺩ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺎﻤل ﻤﻊ ﺍلRMAN ﻭﺫﻟﻙ ﻷﻥ ﺍﻻﺤﺘﻔﺎﻅ بالمعلوماتﺍﻟﺨﺎﺼﺔ ﺒﺎلRMAN ﻭﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺦ ﺍﻻﺤﺘﻴﺎﻁﻲ ﻓﻲ ﺍلControl File ﺘﻜﻭﻥ ﻟﻔﺘﺭﺓ ﻤﺤﺩﻭﺩﺓ
ﻴﺘﻡ ﺘﺤﺩﻴﺩﻫﺎ ﺒﻭﺍﺴﻁﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻐﻴﺭ CONTROL_FILE_RECORD_KEEP_TIME ﻜﻤﺎ ﺃﻨﻪ ﻗﺩ ﻨﻔﻘﺩ ﻫﺫﻩ المعلوماتﺇﺫﺍ ﻓﻘﺩﻨﺎ ﺍلControl File ﻭﻟﻡ ﻨﻀﻊ ﺍﻻﺤﺘﻴﺎﻁﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻼﺯﻤﺔ.
ﺍلRecovery Catalog ﻫﻭ ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺓ Schema ﻴﺘﻡ ﺇﻨﺸﺎﺅﻫﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻗﺎﻋﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ ﻟﺘﺨﺯﻴﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻵﺘﻴﺔ:-
1- Data File and Archive Log File Backup Sets and Backup Pieces.
2- Data File Copies.
3- Archive Log Files.
4- The Physical Structure of The Target Database.
5- Persistent RMAN Configuration Settings.
6- Stored Job Scripts.
ﻜﻤﺎ ﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﺍلRecovery Catalog ﻋﻨﺩﻤﺎ ﻨﺭﻴﺩ ﺇﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻋﺩﺩ ﻤﻥ ﻗﻭﺍﻋﺩ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﻬﺩﻓﺔ، ﻭﻋﻤﻭﻤﹰﺎ ﻴﻔﻀل ﺃﻥ ﻴﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ ﺍلRecovery Catalog ﻋﻨﺩ ﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﺍلRMAN.
ﻟﺫﺍ ﺴﺄﻗﻭﻡ ﻫﻨﺎ ﺒﺈﻨﺸﺎﺀ ﺍلRecovery Catalog ﻭﻤﻥ ﺜﻡ ﺴﻨﺴﺘﺨﺩﻤﻪ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﺒﻌﺩ ﻟﻌﻤل ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺦ ﺍﻻﺤﺘﻴﺎﻁﻲ ﻭﺍﻻﺴﺘﺭﺠﺎﻉ، ﻭﺍﻟﻴﻙ ﺨﻁﻭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﻨﺸﺎﺀ:-
1- إنشاء Tablespace للRecovery Catalog في الCatalog database.
CREATE TABLESPACE RMAN_CATALOG DATAFILE 'C:\oradata\RMAN_CATA LOG.DBF' SIZE ١G; |
2- إنشاء Schema للRecovery Catalog في الCatalog Database.
CREATE USER TEST IDENTIFIED BY TEST DEFAULT TABLESPACE RMAN_CATALOG QUOTA UNLIMITED ON RMAN_CATALOG; |
3- ﻤﻨﺢ ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺤﻴﺎﺕ ﻟﻠﻤﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ ﺍﻟﺫﻱ ﻗﻤﻨﺎ ﺒﺨﻠﻘﻪ ﻟلRecovery Catalog.
GRANT RECOVERY_CATALOG_OWNER,CONNECT TO TEST; |
4- ﻨﻘﻭﻡ ﺒﺈﻨﺸﺎﺀ ﺍلCatalog ﻋﻥ ﻁﺭﻴﻕ ﺍلRMAN ﺒﻌﺩ ﺍﻻﺘﺼﺎل ﺒﺎلCatalog Database ﻭﻫﻭ ﺒﻤﻌﻨﻰ ﻌﺭﻴﻑ ﺍلRMAN ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍلCatalog ﺍﻟﺫﻱ ﻗﻤﻨﺎ ﺒﺨﻠﻘﻪ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺨﻁﻭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺒﻘﺔ.
RMAN> CREATE CATALOG TABLESPACE RMAN_CATALOG; |
ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﻠﺤﻅﺔ ﻴﺘﻡ ﺇﻨﺸﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﺠﺩﺍﻭل ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻨﺎﻅﻴﺭ (Tables and Views) ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺴﻭﻑ ﻴﺘﻡ ﺘﺨﺯﻴﻥ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ في الRecovery Catalog schema.
5- ﻨﻘﻭﻡ ﺒﺘﺴﺠﻴل ﻗﺎﻋﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﻬﺩﻓﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍلCatalog ﻭﺫﻟﻙ ﻋﻥ ﻁﺭﻴﻕ ﺍلRMAN ﺒﻌﺩ ﺍﻻﺘﺼﺎل ﺒﻜل ﻤﻥ ﻗﺎﻋﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﻬﺩﻓﺔ Target Database ﻭﺍﻻﺘﺼﺎل ﺒﺎلRecovery Catalog.
ﻜﻤﺎ ﻴﺠﺏ ﺍﻹﺸﺎﺭﺓ ﺇﻟﻰ ﻀﺭﻭﺭﺓ ﺍﻻﺘﺼﺎل ﻤﻊ ﻗﺎﻋﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﻬﺩﻓﺔ ﺒﻭﺍﺴﻁﺔ ﻤﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ ﻴﻤﻠﻙ ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺤﻴﺔ SYSDBA، ﻭﻤﻥ ﺜﻡ ﺘﺴﺠﻴل ﻗﺎﻋﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﻬﺩﻓﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍلCatalog.
ﺍﻵﻥ ﺴﻭﻑ ﻴﺘﻡ ﺘﺴﺠﻴل ﻫﻴﻜﻠﺔ ﻗﺎﻋﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﻬﺩﻓﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺠﺩﺍﻭل ﺍلRecovery Catalog.
RMAN> REGISTER DATABASE; |
ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﻠﺤﻅﺔ ﻴﺘﻡ ﺘﺴﺠﻴل ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺼﺔ ﺒﻘﺎﻋﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﻬﺩﻓﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍلRecovery Catalog.
ﻴﻤﻜﻨﻙ ﻋﻤل ﺍﺴﺘﻌﻼﻡ ﻋﻥ ﺫﻟﻙ ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼل ﺍﻟﺠﺩﺍﻭل ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺠﻭﺩﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺍلSchema Recovery Catalog.
ﺍﻵﻥ ﻟﺩﻴﻨﺎ ﻗﺎﻋﺩﺓ ﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ ﻤﺴﺘﻬﺩﻓﺔ Target Database ﻭﻟﺩﻴﻨﺎ Recovery Catalog.
ﺒﺎﻟﻁﺒﻊ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻟﻡ ﻴﺘﻡ ﺘﺴﺠﻴل ﻗﺎﻋﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ ﻓﻠﻥ ﻨﺴﺘﻁﻴﻊ ﺘﺨﺯﻴﻥ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ ﻋﻥ ﻗﺎﻋﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﻬﺩﻓﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍلRecovery Catalog.
ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﻠﺤﻅﺔ ﻫﻴﻜﻠﺔ ﻗﺎﻋﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﻬﺩﻓﺔ ﻤﺨﺯﻨﺔ ﻟﺩﻯ ﻓﻲ ﺍلRecovery Catalog.
ﻭﺒﺎﻟﻁﺒﻊ ﻟﻴﺱ ﻟﺩﻯ ﻀﻤﺎﻥ ﻤﻥ ﺃﻥ ﻴﺘﻡ ﺘﻐﻴﻴﺭ ﻫﻴﻜﻠﺔ ﻗﺎﻋﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﻬﺩﻓﺔ ﻟﺫﺍ ﻨﺤﺘﺎﺝ ﻹﻋﺎﺩﺓ ﺘﺯﺍﻤﻥ ﺍلRecovery Catalog ﻤﻥ ﺍلControl File
ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﻓﻲ ﻗﺎﻋﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﻬﺩﻓﺔ ﺤﺘﻰ ﻴﺘﻡ ﺘﺯﺍﻤﻥ ﻜﺎﻤل ﺒﻴﻥ ﻗﺎﻋﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﻬﺩﻓﺔ ﻭﺍلRecovery Catalog،
ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺤﻘﻴﻘﺔ ﺍلRMAN ﺘﻘﻭﻡ ﺒﻌﻤل ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﺘﺯﺍﻤﻥ ﺃﻟﻴﺎﹰ ﻤﺘﻰ ﺍﺤﺘﺎﺠﺕ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺫﻟﻙ، ﺃﻨﺕ ﺃﻴﻀﺎﹰ ﻗﺩ ﺘﻘﻭﻡ ﺒﺫﻟﻙ ﻴﺩﻭﻴﺎﹰ ﺒﻭﺍﺴﻁﺔ ﺍﻷﻤﺭ RESYNC CATALOG.
RMAN> RESYNC CATALOG; |
ﻋﻤﻭﻤﹰﺎ ﻗﺩ ﻨﺤﺘﺎﺝ ﺇﻟﻰ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻹﺠﺭﺍﺀ ﻋﻨﺩ ﺇﻨﺸﺎﺀ ﺃﻭ ﺤﺫﻑ Tablespace ﺃﻭ Data File ﺃﻭ ﻋﻨﺩ ﺘﻐﻴﻴﺭ ﻤﻜﺎﻥ ﺍلDatabase Files.
ﻓﻲ ﺒﻌﺽ ﺍﻷﺤﻴﺎﻥ ﻴﺘﻡ ﻓﺘﺢ ﻗﺎﻋﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﻬﺩﻓﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻭﻀﻊ RESETLOGS ﻻ ﺸﻙ ﺃﻥ ﻓﻲ ﻤﺜل ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻟﺔ ﻻ ﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﺘﺯﺍﻤﻥ ﺒﻴﻥ ﻗﺎﻋﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﻬﺩﻓﺔ ﻭﺍلCatalog Recovery,
ﻟﺫﺍ ﻓﻲ ﻤﺜل ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻟﺔ ﻨﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ ﺍﻷﻤﺭ RESET DATABASE.
ﻋﻤﻭﻤﹰﺎ ﻫﺫﺍ ﻟﻴﺱ ﻜل ﺸﻲ ﻋﻥ ﺍلRecovery Catalog ﻭﻟﻜﻥ ﻫﺫﺍ ﻤﺎ ﺘﺤﺘﺎﺠﻪ ﺍﻵﻥ ﻭﺴﻨﻭﺍﺼل ﺍﻟﻨﻘﺎﺵ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﻤﻭﻀﻭﻉ ﻻﺤﻘﺎﹰ،
ﻭﻟﻜﻥ ﻴﺠﺏ ﺃﻥ ﺘﺘﺫﻜﺭ ﺃﻨﻙ ﻗﺩ ﻻ ﺘﺤﺘﺎﺝ ﺍلRecovery Catalog ﺇﻁﻼﻗﺎﹰ، ﻓﻘﺩ ﺘﺘﺼل ﺒﻘﺎﻋﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﻬﺩﻓﺔ ﻋﻥ ﻁﺭﻴﻕ ﺍلRMAN ﻭﻤﻥ ﺜﻡ ﺘﻨﺠﺯ ﻤﻬﺎﻤﻙ
ﻟﻜﻥ ﺘﺫﻜﺭ ﺃﻴﻀﺎﹰ ﺃﻥ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻷﻓﻀل ﻟﻙ ﺃﻥ ﺘﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ ﺍلRecovery Catalog.
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