Orcale Tutorial Content
Getting Started - البدء مع إدارة قواعد البيانات
Oracle Architectural Components - مكونات قاعدة البيانات أوركل
Installing Oracle Database - تثبيت الأوركل
Creating and Configuring Database - إنشاء قاعدة البيانات
Controlling The Database -التحكم في قاعدة البيانات
Administrating Users - إدارة المستخدمين
Database Security & Monitoring - تأمين ومراقبة قاعدة البيانات
Oracle Net Services & Database Link & Metrlized Viewِ
Undo Management & Flashback Technology
Managing Shared Servers
Using Globalization Support
Logical Backup & Recovery
Physical Backup & Recovery
Recovery Manager (RMAN)
Managing Resources
Automating Tasks with the Scheduler
Dealing with Locking
Diagnostic Sources
Dealing With Database Corruption
Managing & Monitoring Memory
Performance Tunning
Recovery Manager (RMAN)
Database Backup
1-Offline Backup :
ﺘﺴﺘﻁﻴﻊ ﻋﻤل ﻨﺴﺨﺔ ﺍﺤﺘﻴﺎﻁﻴﺔ ﻟﻘﺎﻋﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ ﻋﻥ ﻁﺭﻴﻕ ﺍلRMAN ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻭﻀﻊ MOUNT ﻭﻫﻭ ﻤﺎ ﻴﺴﻤﻰ ﺒﺎلOffline Backup،
ﻓﻤﺜﻼﹰ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻜﺎﻨﺕ ﻗﺎﻋﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ ﺘﻌﻤل ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻨﻤﻁ NOARCHIVELOG ﻓﺤﻴﻨﻬﺎ ﻻﺒﺩ ﻤﻥ ﻋﻤل ﻨﺴﺦ ﺍﺤﺘﻴﺎﻁﻲ ﻟﻘﺎﻋﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ ﺒﻌﺩ ﺇﻏﻼﻗﻬﺎ (Backup Offline) ،
ﻭﺃﻴﻀﺎﹰ ﻻﺒﺩ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻹﺸﺎﺭﺓ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺃﻥ ﻗﺎﻋﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ ﻤﺎﺩﺍﻡ ﺃﻨﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻨﻤﻁ NOARCHIVELOG ﻓﻼﺒﺩ ﻤﻥ ﻋﻤل ﻨﺴﺦ ﺍﺤﺘﻴﺎﻁﻲ ﻟﺠﻤﻴﻊ ﻗﺎﻋﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ،
ﻭﻻﺒﺩ ﻤﻥ ﻋﻤل ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺦ ﺍﻻﺤﺘﻴﺎﻁﻲ ﺒﻌﺩ ﺇﻏﻼﻗﻬﺎ (Offline Backup).
RUN { SHUTDOWN IMMEDIATE; STARTUP MOUNT; ALLOCATE CHANNEL D1 TYPE DISK; ALLOCATE CHANNEL D2 TYPE DISK; BACKUP AS COMPRESSED BACKUPSET DATABASE FILESPERSET 2; ALTER DATABASE OPEN; } |
ﻫﻜﺫﺍ ﻗﻤﻨﺎ ﺒﻌﻤل ﻨﺴﺨﺔ ﺍﺤﺘﻴﺎﻁﻴﺔ ﻟﻘﺎﻋﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ ﺒﻌﺩ ﺇﻏﻼﻗﻬﺎ، ﻭﻴﺠﺏ ﺍﻟﺘﺫﻜﻴﺭ ﺒﺄﻥ ﻤﻠﻔﺎﺕ ﻗﺎﻋﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ
ﺴﻭﻑ ﻴﺘﻡ ﺇﺭﺴﺎﻟﻬﺎ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﺩﻴﺴﻙ ﻤﻊ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻡ ﺒﺄﻨﻙ ﺘﺴﺘﻁﻴﻊ ﺇﺭﺴﺎل ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻔﺎﺕ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍلTape
ALLOCATE CHANNEL T1 TYPE SBT
ﺒﺎﻟﻁﺒﻊ ﻋﻨﺩ ﻋﻤل ﻨﺴﺨﺔ ﺍﺤﺘﻴﺎﻁﻴﺔ ﻟﻘﺎﻋﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ ﻓﻬﺫﺍ ﻴﻌﻨﻰ ﺒﺄﻨﻨﺎ ﻗﻤﻨﺎ ﺒﻌﻤل ﻨﺴﺨﺔ ﺍﺤﺘﻴﺎﻁﻴﺔ ﻟﺠﻤﻴﻊ ﺍل Data Files ﺃﻭ ﺇﻥ ﺸﺌﺕ ﻓﻘل ﺠﻤﻴﻊ ﺍلTablespaces
ﻤﺎﻋﺩﺍ (UNDO & Temporary Tablespace) ما ﺩﺍﻡ ﺃﻨﻨﺎ ﻟﻡ ﻨﻘﻡ ﺒﺎﺴﺘﺜﻨﺎﺀ ﺒﻌﺽ ﺍلTablespaces، ﻭﻴﻤﻜﻨﻙ ﺍﺴﺘﺜﻨﺎﺀ ﺒﻌﺽ ﺍلTablespaces ﺒﻭﺍﺴﻁﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻐﻴﺭ
RMAN> CONFIGURE EXCLUDE FOR TABLESPACE USERS; |
2- Online Backup:
ﻋﻤل ﻨﺴﺨﺔ ﺍﺤﺘﻴﺎﻁﻴﺔ ﻟﻘﺎﻋﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ ﻭﻫﻰ ﻤﻔﺘﻭﺤﺔ، ﻭﻫﻨﺎ ﻻﺒﺩ ﺃﻥ ﺘﻜﻭﻥ ﻗﺎﻋﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻭﻀﻊ ARCHIVELOG.
RUN{ ALLOCATE CHANNEL D1 TYPE DISK; ALLOCATE CHANNEL D2 TYPE DISK; ALLOCATE CHANNEL D3 TYPE DISK; BACKUP AS COMPRESSED BACKUPSET DATABASE INCLUDE CURRENT CONTROLFILE PLUS ARCHIVELOG; } |
ﻫﻜﺫﺍ ﻗﻤﻨﺎ ﺒﻌﻤل Online Full Backup ﻟﻘﺎﻋﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ ﻭﺫﻟﻙ ﺒﺎﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﺍﻟﺨﻴﺎﺭ Compressed ﺃﻱ ﻗﻤﻨﺎ ﺒﻀﻐﻁ ﻤﻠﻔﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺦ ﺍﻻﺤﺘﻴﺎﻁﻲ
ﻭﻻﺤﻅ ﺃﻨﻨﺎ ﺃﻀﻔﻨﺎ ﺇﻟﻰ ﻗﺎﻋﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ ﻤﻠﻔﺎﺕ ﺍﻷﺭﺸﻴﻑ ﻭﻤﻠﻑ ﺍل Control File، ﻴﻤﻜﻨﻨﺎ ﺍﻟﺘﺄﻜﺩ ﻤﻥ ﻨﺠﺎﺡ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺦ ﺍﻻﺤﺘﻴﺎﻁﻲ ﺒﻭﺍﺴﻁﺔ ﺍﻷﻤﺭ.
RMAN> LIST BACKUP OF DATABASE; |
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